+Mission: *.1 ++Name: MARS-2 ++SatZond: Z ++GeoHelBoth: H ++Launch: 71/05/19 --TrajectFile: Y ++ShortDescription: The 2nd Russian expedition to Mars ++LongDescription: Russian space zond for Mars exploration. Main axis of the spacecraft is sunward directed with precision of ~10 degrees. ++Instrument: *.1 +++Name: KS-18-4M +++PI: Dr. Peter P. Ignatiev +++ResearchGroup: Heliosphere Physics Laboratory +++Lab: Theoretical and Applied Space Physics Division +++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University +++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia +++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) +++Phone: +7-095-939-5097 +++E-mail: kontor@taspd.npi.msu.su +++ShortDescription: Measuring of proton fluxes during the expedition to Mars +++LongDescription: KS-18-4M has been designed as an instrument for measuring charged particles of medium energies travelling in the interplanetary space. There are, probably, eleven sensors: a gas-discharge counter D1 of the STS-5 series, and a Cherenkov counter D2 (30x30 mm plexiglas), and four SSD (Si) detectors: D3, D4, D6, D7 of ~30 micron thickness and D5, D8 of ~400 micron thickness, and, probably, three windowed gas-discharge counters: one sunward directed and two - antisunward. Pairs of 30 micron SSD sensors have different view angles: +-45 and +-5 degrees. Data on electrons is given only for Mars vicinity. Spacecraft memory is used for data storing; time resolution is about four hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. +++Publication: *.1 ++++PublicationRef: S.N.Vernov, B.A.Tverskoy, V.A.Yakovlev, E.V.Gorchakov, P.P.Ignatiev, G.P.Lyubimov, O.A.Marchenko, T.E.Shvidkovskaya, N.N.Kontor, T.I.Morozova, A.G.Nikolaev, Yu.A.Rosental, E.A.Chuchkov, I.V.Getselev, L.V.Onischenko, and B.I.Tkachenko, "Charged particle fluxes in the vicinity of Mars", Kosmicheskie issledovaniya, 1974, v. 12, N 2, pp. 252-263 +++AcknowledgingTo: TASPD SINP MSU +++DataSet: *.1 ++++ID: M2 ++++StartDate: 71/05/21 ++++StopDate: 71/11/26 ++++TimeResolution: 4 hours ++++ApproxVolume: 30 kB ++++DataSupportContact: Dr. Nickolay N. Pavlov ++++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University ++++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia ++++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) ++++Phone: +7-095-939-5928 ++++E-mail: nnpavlov@taspd.npi.msu.su ++++ShortDescription: Ep=1-5,5-12,>30,>500MeV; Ee>0.05,>0.3MeV; 4-hour time res.; Sun-antiSun directions ++++LongDescription: Data on protons of Ep>30 MeV energy from Sun (gas-discharge counter); protons of Ep>500 MeV (plexiglas) omnidirectional; protons of Ep=1-5 and 5-12 MeV energy both from Sun and from anti-Sun in +-45 degree angle (four stand-alone SSD sensors of ~30 micron Si and ~400 micron Si); protons of Ep=1-5 energy both from Sun and from anti-Sun in +-5 degree angle. Time resolution is 4 hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.1 +++++LongLegend: Ep>30MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p>30+ +++++InternalName: D1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 18.1 +++++MaxValueApprox: 363.1 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 54 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >30 MeV protons from Sun + others ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter (STS-5) with minimum shielding of ~1 g/cm2 Al for particles arriving from the Sun direction so that the thresholds are: Ep=30 MeV and Ee=2 MeV. For other directions the threshold is Ep=500 MeV. All species are measured in mix, although the typically higher presence of >30 MeV protons above others makes the channel mostly recording the data on this species. ++++Column: *.2 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5v+ +++++InternalName: D3 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.024 +++++MaxValueApprox: 116.7 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.07 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from Sun. View angle is +-5 degrees. ++++Column: *.3 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5+ +++++InternalName: D4 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.035 +++++MaxValueApprox: 778. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from Sun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.4 +++++LongLegend: Ep=5-12MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p5-12+ +++++InternalName: D5 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.008 +++++MaxValueApprox: 121.6 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 5-12 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 5-12 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~400 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=5-12 MeV arriving from Sun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.5 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5v- +++++InternalName: D6 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.008 +++++MaxValueApprox: 84.3 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.07 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-5 degrees. ++++Column: *.6 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5- +++++InternalName: D7 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.01 +++++MaxValueApprox: 510.5 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.7 +++++LongLegend: Ep=5-12MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p5-12- +++++InternalName: D8 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.015 +++++MaxValueApprox: 82.4 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 5-12 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 5-12 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~400 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=5-12 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.8 +++++LongLegend: Ep>500MeV from all directions +++++ShortLegend: p500* +++++InternalName: D2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 12.6 +++++MaxValueApprox: 27.4 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 45 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >500 MeV protons ++++++LongDescription: Cherenkov counter: 30x30 mm plexiglas sensor with photomultiplier for counting omnidirectional protons of Ep>500 MeV. +++DataSet: *.2 ++++ID: MA ++++StartDate: 71/11/26 ++++StopDate: 72/06/01 ++++TimeResolution: 4 hours ++++ApproxVolume: 10 kB ++++DataSupportContact: Dr. Nickolay N. Pavlov ++++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University ++++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia ++++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) ++++Phone: +7-095-939-5928 ++++E-mail: nnpavlov@taspd.npi.msu.su ++++ShortDescription: Ep=1-5,5-12,>30,>500MeV; Ee>0.05,>0.3MeV; 4-hour time res.; Sun-antiSun directions ++++LongDescription: Data on protons of Ep>30 MeV energy from Sun (gas-discharge counter); protons of Ep=1-5 and 5-12 MeV energy both from Sun and from anti-Sun in +-45 degree angle (four stand-alone SSD sensors of ~30 micron Si and ~400 micron Si); electrons of Ee>0.3 MeV from anti-Sun direction. Time resolution is 4 hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.1 +++++LongLegend: Ep>30MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p>30+ +++++InternalName: D1 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 21.9 +++++MaxValueApprox: 29.0 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >2 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 13 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 54 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >30 MeV protons from Sun + others ++++++LongDescription: Gas-discharge counter (STS-5) with minimum shielding of ~1 g/cm2 Al for particles arriving from the Sun direction so that the thresholds are: Ep=30 MeV and Ee=2 MeV. For other directions the threshold is Ep=500 MeV. All species are measured in mix, although the typically higher presence of >30 MeV protons above others makes the channel mostly recording the data on this species. ++++Column: *.2 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5+ +++++InternalName: D4 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.07 +++++MaxValueApprox: 1271. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from Sun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.3 +++++LongLegend: Ep=5-12MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p5-12+ +++++InternalName: D5 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.03 +++++MaxValueApprox: 93.5 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 5-12 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 5-12 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~400 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=5-12 MeV arriving from Sun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.4 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5- +++++InternalName: D7 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.03 +++++MaxValueApprox: 726. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.5 +++++LongLegend: Ep=5-12MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p5-12- +++++InternalName: D8 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.03 +++++MaxValueApprox: 48.0 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 5-12 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.5 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 5-12 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~400 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=5-12 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-45 degrees. ++++Column: *.6 +++++LongLegend: Ee>0.5MeV + Ep>5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: e>.3- +++++InternalName: D10 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 12.3 +++++MaxValueApprox: 47.0 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >0.3 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.3 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.3 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 28 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >0.3 MeV electrons + >5 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: Windowed gas-discharge counter for detecting electrons of Ee>0.3 MeV energy and protons of Ep>5 MeV arriving via window and protons of Ep>30 MeV arriving through its body. All are counting in mix. Direction - antiSun. +++DataSet: *.3 ++++ID: MB ++++StartDate: 71/11/26 ++++StopDate: 72/06/01 ++++TimeResolution: 4 hours ++++ApproxVolume: 10 kB ++++DataSupportContact: Dr. Nickolay N. Pavlov ++++Institution: Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University ++++Address: Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia ++++Fax: +7-095-939-2488 (fax/voice) ++++Phone: +7-095-939-5928 ++++E-mail: nnpavlov@taspd.npi.msu.su ++++ShortDescription: Ep=1-5,5-12,>30,>500MeV; Ee>0.05,>0.3MeV; 4-hour time res.; Sun-antiSun directions ++++LongDescription: Data on protons of Ep>30 MeV energy from Sun (gas-discharge counter); protons of Ep>500 MeV (plexiglas) omnidirectional; protons of Ep=1-5 and 4-12 MeV energy both from Sun and from anti-Sun in +-45 degree angle (four stand-alone SSD sensors of ~30 micron Si and ~400 micron Si); protons of Ep=1-5 energy both from Sun and from anti-Sun in +-5 degree angle; electrons of Ee>0.3 MeV from Sun and anti-Sun; electrons of Ee>0.05 MeV from anti-Sun (data on electrons is given only for Mars vicinity). Time resolution is 4 hours. All sensors measure flux intensity continuously. ++++Column: *.1 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5v+ +++++InternalName: D3 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.05 +++++MaxValueApprox: 173. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.07 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from Sun. View angle is +-5 degrees. ++++Column: *.2 +++++LongLegend: Ep=1-5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: p1-5v- +++++InternalName: D6 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 0.03 +++++MaxValueApprox: 125. +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 1-5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.07 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: 1-5 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: ~30 microns of Si sensor for counting protons of Ep=1-5 MeV arriving from antiSun. View angle is +-5 degrees. ++++Column: *.3 +++++LongLegend: Ep>500MeV from all directions +++++ShortLegend: p500* +++++InternalName: D2 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 11.9 +++++MaxValueApprox: 16.0 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: 500 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: omni ++++++GeomFactor: 45 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >500 MeV protons ++++++LongDescription: Cherenkov counter: 30x30 mm plexiglas sensor with photomultiplier for counting omnidirectional protons of Ep>500 MeV. ++++Column: *.4 +++++LongLegend: Ee>0.3MeV + Ep>5MeV from Sun +++++ShortLegend: e>.3+ +++++InternalName: D9 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 11.4 +++++MaxValueApprox: 19.9 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >0.3 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: Sun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.3 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >5 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.3 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 28 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >0.3 MeV electrons + >5 MeV protons from Sun ++++++LongDescription: Windowed gas-discharge counter for detecting electrons of Ee>0.3 MeV energy and protons of Ep>5 MeV arriving via window and protons of Ep>30 MeV arriving through its body. All are counting in mix. Direction - Sun. ++++Column: *.6 +++++LongLegend: Ee>0.5MeV + Ep>5MeV from antiSun +++++ShortLegend: e>.05- +++++InternalName: D11 +++++Units: 1/s +++++MinValueApprox: 13.7 +++++MaxValueApprox: 35.8 +++++FillerNODATA: -9.999E+99 +++++Species: *.1 ++++++Name: electron ++++++Energy: >0.05 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.3 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.2 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >1 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 0.3 cm2_sr +++++Species: *.3 ++++++Name: proton ++++++Energy: >30 MeV ++++++DirectionWhereFrom: antiSun ++++++GeomFactor: 28 cm2_sr ++++++ShortDescription: >0.05 MeV electrons + >1 MeV protons from antiSun ++++++LongDescription: Windowed gas-discharge counter for detecting electrons of Ee>0.05 MeV energy and protons of Ep>1 MeV arriving via window and protons of Ep>30 MeV arriving through its body. All are counting in mix. Direction - antiSun. ********************************